Baring-Gould’s sources: The Ancient Roman Martyrology attributed to S. Jerome in Aiay i, Also other Maityrologies which have on this day “ the Elevation cf s' Quirinus (Quiriacus) ion the Appian way." Hrabanus and Notker say, “The passion of S. Jude or Quiriacus the bishop, to whom was revealed the wood of the Lord’s cross,” on April 30th.] UDAS was, according to Eusebius, the fifteenth bishop of Jerusalem. This Jude is venerated on the roth April, but is supposed to be the same Jude also called Quiriacus by the Martyrologists, commemorated on this day. That he was the true discoverer of the wood of the true cross is hardly possible; there is no evidence to support the assertion of Usuardus; and that he was a martyr in the reign of Julian, another statement in some martyrologies, is also wholly unsupported. “All the history of his passion we may set down as pure and unmixed fiction,” says Le Quien,1 “nevertheless it is not impossible that he who is set down May ist, in the Martyrology of Jerome (or that which passes under his name) was the last bishop of the circumcision, and that he died a martyr.” The history of his passion is that apociy1 Oriens Christiana, HI., p. l4g.

Judas or Quiriacus. phal “ Acts of Judas or Quiriacus" already alluded to in the article on the Invention of the Cross. He is said to have been a Jew who was the nephew of S. Stephen the first martyr, and grandson of Zacharias. He revealed to S. Helena the place where the cross of Christ was hidden, and was converted by the miracles wrought on its discovery, and was baptized under the name of Quiriacus or Cyriacus, and became bishop of Jerusalem. The story is too absurd to need refutation. There was no Patriarch of the name of Cyriacus, and Judas died in 133; S. Helena did not visit Jerusalem till 326. However, his relics [the bodily remains of a saint, or objects they used, kept with honor] are to be found at Ancona, of which city he is patron, and on the old coins of the city he is represented in Greek pontifical habits, with his full title of Patriarch. The feast of the translation [the solemn moving of a saint’s relics to a new shrine] of these relics is celebrated at Ancona on August 8th. There can be little doubt that the Cyriacus or Quiriacus there venerated is some utterly different martyr of the same name, and that mediaeval ignorance and local pride have combined to regard him as the famous Jew of the romance condemned as apocryphal by Pope Gelasius. According to Baronius [Cardinal Baronius (d. 1607), church historian who edited the Roman Martyrology], on what authority we do not know, he was a bishop of Ancona, who was martyred by Julian when visiting Jerusalem. A portion of his relics were translated by Henry L, count of Champagne, from the East to the town of Provins, where he built a church under his invocation. This translation is commemorated in the diocese of Meaux, on July 29th. A portion of his skull is still shown at Provins. It is hopeless to attempt to unravel the confusion that has arisen from there being so many saints and martyrs of the same name, and from the popularity of the apocryphal Acts having affected the traditions of churches preserving such relics. VOL. V.