Baring-Gould’s sources: Inserted in many French, German, and Belgian Martyrologies. He was canonized by the Anti-pope Paschal III. The life of this emperor, written by his secretary Eginhart, together with the numerous historical accounts of his transactions, supply abundant material for his life.

The public life of the Emperor Charlemagne [king of the Franks, crowned emperor in 800] belongs to the domain of secular history, rather than to hagiology. We shall confine ourselves, in this notice, to those acts which have obtained for him a place in the Kalendar of the Church.

Charlemagne, son of King Pepin, was born in 742, and was crowned king of France in 768. In the early years of his reign he was guilty of grave moral faults, which he deeply deplored in his after life. He comes before us as a man penetrated with a strong sense of religious responsibility, and of faith in the divine mission of the Church. In the midst of his wars, the spread of the true faith, and the advancement of learning, were never absent from his mind. He was zealous in reforming the monasteries, and for the sake of uniformity, he introduced into them the rule of S. Benedict [father of Western monks (d. c. 547), author of the Rule]. For the discipline of the clergy, he procured the convention of many synods, in which were drawn up his famous Capitulars. He meditated assiduously on the Scriptures, assisted at the divine office, even that of midnight, if possible; had good books read to him at table, and took but one meal a day. He died at the age of seventy-two, at Aix-la-Chapelle, in 814, and was there buried. His tomb was opened in 1165. The body was found, not reclining in his coffin, as is the usual fashion of the dead, but seated on his throne as one alive, clothed in the imperial robes, bearing the sceptre in his hand, and on his knees a copy of the Gospels. On his fleshless brow was the crown, the imperial mantle covered his shoulders, the sword Joyeuse was by his side, and the pilgrim's pouch, which he had borne always while living, was still fastened to his girdle. His skull and throne and hunting horn are preserved in the sacristy at Aix.

Baptism of Vanquished Saxons by command of Charlemagne. From a Miniature of the 15th Century in the Burgundy Library at Brussels.

FOOTNOTES:

[128] "That Cyril had any share in this atrocity," says Canon Robertson, i. 401, "appears to be an unsupported calumny."

[129] Decline and Fall, Ed. Bohn, i. p. 348.

[130] See p. 406 .

[131] Chiefly from Bright's Church History.

S. Valerius , B. of Trèves, end of 1st. cent. S. Constantius , B.M. at Perugia, between a.d. 161-8. SS. Sabinian , M. , and Sabina, V. , at Troyes, in France, circ. a.d. 275. SS. Papias and Maurus , MM., at Rome, circ. a.d. 303. S. Gildas the Wise , Ab. in Brittany, 6th cent. S. Sulpicius Severus , B. of Bourges , a.d. 591. S. Baculus , B. of Sorrento, circ. a.d. 679. S. Peter Thomasius , Latin Patr. of Constantinople , a.d. 1366. S. Francis of Sales , B. of Geneva , a.d. 1622.